IRREGULAR VERBS
Some verbs are VERY irregular and don’t follow the usual verb formation patterns. It is simply a case of learning them!
I have listed below all the ones you need to know for GCSE level!
sum, esse, fui = to be
ACTIVE INDICATIVE:
ACTIVE INFINITIVES:
Present - esse
Perfect - fuisse
Future - futurum esse / fore
ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE:
ACTIVE IMPERATIVES:
2nd sg. - es
2nd pl. - este
ACTIVE PARTICIPLES:
Future - futurus
Notice there are no passive forms of sum!
Compound verbs absum, abesse, abfui and adsum, adesse, adfui conjugate the same!
possum, posse, potui = can, be able
ACTIVE INDICATIVE:
The indicative forms are simply just pos/pot + esse
ACTIVE INFINITIVES:
Present - posse
Perfect - potuisse
ACTIVE PARTICIPLES:
Present - potens
possum has no passive forms!
fero, ferre, tuli, latus = bring, carry, bear
ACTIVE INDICATIVES:
ACTIVE INFINITIVES:
Present - ferre
Perfect - tulisse
Future - laturum esse
ACTIVE IMPERATIVES:
2nd sg. - fer
2nd pl. - ferte
ACTIVE PARTICIPLES;
Present - ferens
Future - laturus
The passive forms of fero are all regular except:
2nd sg present passive indicative = ferris not fereris
3rd sg present passive indicative = fertur not feritur
These compound verbs of fero have the same conjugation:
aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus = take away, carry off
offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus = offer
refero, refero, rettuli, relatus = bring/carry back, report, tell
volo, velle, volui = wish, want, be willing
ACTIVE INDICATIVES:
ACTIVE INFINITIVES:
Present - velle
Perfect - voluisse
ACTIVE PARTICIPLES:
Present - volens
malo, malle, malui = prefer
ACTIVE INDICATIVES:
ACTIVE INFINITIVES:
Present - malle
Perfect - maluisse
ACTIVE PARTICIPLES:
Present - malens
malo has no passive forms, no imperatives, and no future infinitive or participle!
nolo, nolle, nolui = not want, refuse
ACTIVE INDICATIVES:
ACTIVE INFINITIVES:
Present - nolle
Perfect - noluisse
ACTIVE PARTICIPLES:
Present - nolens
nolo has no passive forms, no imperatives, and no future infinitive or participle!
Notice how similar volo, malo, and nolo are! They are all part of the same family!
inquit = he/she says, he/she said
You only need to learn this form of inquit - 3rd sg. present active indicative
eo, ire, i(v)i = go
ACTIVE INDICATIVES:
PASSIVE INDICATIVES:
The imperfect and pluperfect subjunctive of eo are regular!
The participles, infinitives, and imperatives are regular! (Except future passive participle = eundus)
These compound verbs of eo have the same conjugation:
pereo, perire, perii = die, perish
redeo, redire, redii = return, go back
coepi, coepisse = began
This is irregular as it has no present stem and thus no present, imperfect, or future indicative forms.
It also has no imperfect subjunctive and no imperatives!
PARTICIPLES:
Perfect Passive - coeptus (helps us form perfect/pluperfect passive indicatives/subjunctives)
Future Active - coepturus
INFINITIVES:
Perfect Passive - coeptum esse
Future Active - coepturum esse
