A Submerged Roman Pavilion off Italy’s Coast!

In a remarkable underwater discovery, archaeologists from the Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti Paesaggio Etruria Meridionale have unveiled a submerged Roman structure near Campo di Mare, situated on Italy’s western coast.

The journey to this discovery began in 2021 when researchers identified a column made of cipollino marble, leading them to a submerged circular structure with a diameter of 50 metres. Experts believe this structure is a pavilion that once belonged to a Roman villa, the full extent of which remains hidden beneath the waters.

Photo Credit: Cultura.gov.it

Excavations conducted by the Underwater Archaeology Service of the Superintendency, in collaboration with CSR Restauro Beni Culturali, have revealed fascinating details about the construction. The team has identified two concentric belts of brick walls, constructed with double layers of triangular bricks and mortar.

One of the standout features uncovered is the opus spicatum flooring, a decorative masonry technique where bricks are laid in a herringbone pattern. This method was primarily used for paving during the Roman era, adding both aesthetic appeal and structural integrity.

In addition to the opus spicatum, traces of opus signinum material have been found. Opus signinum is a type of Roman concrete that incorporates small pieces of broken pottery, including amphorae, tiles, and bricks. This material was prized for its waterproofing and damp resistance properties and was commonly used in structures such as Roman baths, aqueducts, and cisterns.

Photo Credit: Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti Paesaggio Etruria Meridionale

While the exact date of the pavilion remains undetermined, the use of opus signinum suggests it was constructed sometime between the 1st century BC and the 2nd century AD, a period when this type of concrete was prevalent before giving way to more patterned styles of pavement.

According to a press statement from the Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti Paesaggio Etruria Meridionale, the architectural elements indicate that this pavilion was part of a luxurious Roman villa. The villa itself is believed to be buried under the sands nearby, waiting to be fully uncovered.

This discovery not only sheds light on the advanced engineering and architectural skills of the Romans but also offers a tantalizing glimpse into the opulent lifestyles of the ancient elite. As excavations continue, we can look forward to more revelations about this remarkable site and the history it holds.