Rare Bronze Celtic Helmet uncovered in Mazovia, Poland!

Archaeologists in Mazovia, Poland, have made a groundbreaking discovery—a bronze Celtic helmet from the 4th century BCE—alongside approximately 300 other artefacts at the ancient settlement of Łysa Góra. This find, led by a team from the State Archaeological Museum in collaboration with the University of Warsaw, is significant on a global scale, challenging previous assumptions about the extent of Celtic influence in Poland.

A Landmark Discovery and Its Significance

The excavation, which lasted five weeks, revealed a range of Iron Age objects, such as iron axes, spearheads, sickles, and a sword, many of which point to Celtic craftsmanship. Dr. Bartłomiej Kaczyński, the head of the research team, highlighted the importance of the helmet, describing it as a rare artefact and a fine example of advanced Celtic metallurgy. The helmet, designed in the La Tène style, is the first of its kind discovered in Poland and joins a short list of such helmets found worldwide.

Initially mistaken for a bronze vessel, the helmet’s identity was confirmed by the discovery of distinctive features, such as the neck guard and calotte. These elements match known La Tène Celtic helmet designs, making this find even more significant. Dr. Andrzej Maciałowicz of the University of Warsaw, part of the research team, confirmed its rarity, remarking on the significance of the discovery.

Photo Credit: B. Kaczyński / State Archaeological Museum

Rethinking Celtic Influence in Poland

Wojciech Borkowski, deputy director of the State Archaeological Museum, called it “the first helmet of its kind found in Poland, and the oldest ancient helmet uncovered in the country.” This discovery is forcing scholars to rethink the reach of Celtic culture, which was previously believed to be limited to southern Poland. The presence of such artefacts in northern Mazovia suggests that Celtic trade networks and cultural influence spread much further than once thought.

Photo Credit: B. Kaczyński / State Archaeological Museum

Life at Łysa Góra: A Glimpse into the Past

The helmet was just one of many fascinating finds at Łysa Góra. Evidence of a three-hectare defensive settlement has also been uncovered, with burn marks hinting at potential conflicts with groups like the Vandals. Additionally, the discovery of iron tools and bronze ornaments highlights the site’s significance as a trading hub, particularly in the amber trade during the Iron Age.

Although the helmet is in poor condition, it has been sent for restoration at the State Archaeological Museum. The preservation process will be overseen by conservator Mikołaj Organek and is expected to take several months.

Alongside military artefacts, researchers also uncovered farming tools, such as sickles and axes, offering insights into the daily lives of the settlement’s inhabitants, many of whom practiced agriculture. Unique items from the West Baltic Kurgan culture, including women’s armlets, further emphasise the diverse influences at the site.

The Road Ahead: Continuing Research

Since its discovery in 1959, Łysa Góra has been of great archaeological interest. This season’s excavation has exceeded expectations, with numerous significant finds. According to Dr. Kaczyński, the abundance of discoveries suggests that more research is needed, including further analysis of artefacts unearthed in previous decades, which have yet to be fully examined.