The sarcophagus of the Tomb of Cerberus has been opened!
For the first time in over two millennia, the mysterious contents of the sealed sarcophagus inside the Tomb of Cerberus have been revealed. This remarkable discovery has captivated the archaeological community and provides a rare window into the past.
Last year, a beautifully frescoed chamber tomb was unearthed in Giugliano, near Naples. Researchers, using a microcamera, were able to peer inside the sarcophagus, revealing a supine body covered by a mineralized shroud. Surrounding the body were various grave goods, including pottery vessels, unguentaria (small bottles used for storing perfumes or oils), and strigils (scraping tools used in ancient Greek and Roman baths).
Photo Credit: Soprintendenza archeologia belle arti e paesaggio per l’area metropolitana di Napoli
The pristine condition of the burial site is attributed to the unique environment within the sealed chamber. The mineralized shroud, a rare find, offers an exceptional opportunity for detailed analysis. The elaborate construction of the tomb and the significant grave goods indicate that the deceased was likely a prominent individual, possibly the head of the family for whom the tomb was constructed.
Dr. Simona Formola, the lead archaeologist, emphasized the importance of this discovery, stating: “The Tomb of Cerberus continues to provide valuable information about the Phlegraean area near Liternum, expanding our knowledge of the past and offering opportunities for multidisciplinary research.” The project has attracted significant interest and funding, including support from the Ministry of Culture, facilitating the continuation of excavations and restoration efforts in the surrounding necropolis.
Superintendent Mariano Nuzzo highlighted the significance of the laboratory analyses conducted on samples from the burial site. These analyses have provided substantial data on the treatment of bodies and the funerary rituals performed, greatly enriching our understanding of ancient practices.
The research involves a diverse team of specialists, including archaeologists, technicians, anthropologists, paleobotanists, and chemists, all working together to interpret the collected data. Among the intriguing findings, pollen analysis and microscopic observations have revealed the presence of chenopodium (goosefoot) and wormwood. These plants were likely used in creams applied to the bodies to aid in preservation. This analysis was conducted by archaeobotanist Monica Stanzione, in collaboration with Dr. Marco Marchesini and Dr. Silvia Marvelli from the Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “Giorgio Nicoli” (CAA).
Photo Credit: Soprintendenza archeologia belle arti e paesaggio per l’area metropolitana di Napoli
Additionally, textile analysis by Professor Margarita Gleba from the University of Padua’s laboratory has provided insights into the structure, type, and quality of the fabrics used.
DNA analysis of the human remains is currently underway, led by bioanthropologist Barbara Albanese in collaboration with Dr. Pontus Skoglund, Dr. Thomas Booth, and Dr. Sarah Johnston from the Skoglund Ancient Genomics Laboratory at the Francis Crick Institute. This research aims to uncover more about the genetic makeup and lineage of the individuals buried in the tomb.
The Tomb of Cerberus, named for its connection to the mythological guardian of the underworld, remains a focal point for archaeological research. Ongoing excavations in the surrounding necropolis, combined with the restoration of frescoes funded by the Ministry of Culture, promise to reveal more about the historical and social context of this ancient community.
The unveiling of the Tomb of Cerberus is not just a glimpse into the past but a testament to the meticulous work of archaeologists and researchers dedicated to uncovering the mysteries of history. As the research continues, we can look forward to more fascinating discoveries that will deepen our understanding of ancient civilizations.