Ancient Pyramid Unearthed During Highway Construction in Hidalgo, Mexico!

Construction work on Federal Highway 105 in Hidalgo, Mexico, has led to a remarkable discovery: the remnants of a pre-Hispanic pyramid and an ancient settlement. Archaeologists from Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) have identified the site, near the town of San Miguel Metzquititlán, as spanning several historical periods, from the Epiclassic period (CE 650–950) to the Late Postclassic period (CE 1350–1519).

A Glimpse Into the Past

The pyramid, named “Structure 1,” was unearthed during the expansion of the Pachuca-Huejutla highway. It forms part of a larger site consisting of five sectors, which include at least ten mounds and have yielded a wealth of artefacts. Among these are 155 items such as ceramics, shells, and lithic materials. Evidence of lime floors, charcoal, and charred wood has also been uncovered, providing a window into the daily life and rituals of this ancient settlement.

Researchers believe the site may have been linked to the Metzca lordship, a multi-ethnic society that thrived in the Sierra Alta region. INAH described the discovery as a significant contribution to understanding human activity in the Barranca de Metztitlán area, which has been inhabited for at least 14,000 years.

Photo Credit: INAH

Preservation Efforts

To protect the site, archaeologists employed advanced technology, including drone-based digital photogrammetry, to create detailed documentation. Structure 1 was stabilised with a 43-metre-long masonry wall and carefully reburied with protective geotextiles to shield it from environmental damage.

Despite these measures, the preservation of the site faces challenges. Héctor Labra Chávez, Director of Tourism for San Agustín Metzquititlán, highlighted the need for further excavation to understand the full cultural context. He noted that part of the pyramid’s base extends beneath the highway, complicating efforts to fully explore the structure.

Financial Hurdles

Unfortunately, limited funding has hindered additional research. Proposed budget cuts for 2025 could reduce INAH’s funding by 45%, making future excavations uncertain. This is a blow to researchers eager to uncover more about this newly discovered site and its connection to the region’s history.

Hidalgo’s Rich Archaeological Legacy

Hidalgo is known for its pre-Hispanic heritage, with sites such as the Atlantes of Tula and the Xihuingo archaeological zone attracting attention. The Atlantes are towering stone figures linked to the Toltec civilisation and the god Quetzalcoatl. Xihuingo, associated with Teotihuacán, is home to the El Tecolote pyramid and astronomical markers, showcasing the region’s advanced knowledge of the cosmos.

The discovery of the San Miguel settlement adds to Hidalgo’s impressive archaeological record, offering new insights into the lives of those who inhabited the area centuries ago. Despite financial and logistical challenges, researchers remain hopeful that future studies will unlock the secrets of this ancient site and its significance in pre-Hispanic Mexico.